Gambling is the wagering of something of value on a random event with the intent of winning something else of value. It includes all forms of betting, whether it is a bet on the outcome of a sporting event, a scratch-off ticket, DIY investing, or online poker. There are three elements to gambling: consideration, risk, and a prize. The risks of gambling are primarily financial, but other types of losses also can occur.
There are many reasons people gamble, including social, recreational, and impulsive behaviors. For some, gambling provides an escape from problems, and for others it is a way to relieve boredom or stress. Many individuals begin to gamble as a means of recreation and have no problem, but some develop a more serious addiction. It is important to know the signs and symptoms of problem gambling, as well as what to do if you think you may have a problem.
The causes of gambling problems are complex and not fully understood. However, it is likely that factors such as genetics, environment, and medical history play a role. Gambling disorders can affect anyone who gambles, regardless of economic status, cultural background, or level of education. In addition, young people are particularly susceptible to developing gambling problems. In fact, people in their early 20s are the fastest growing group of gamblers.
Psychologist Shane Kraus, PhD, director of the Behavioral Addictions Lab at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas, says that individuals who are at risk for gambling disorder tend to have low incomes and have fewer resources to lose. He notes that they also tend to be impulsive, which makes them more vulnerable to risky behavior. Other researchers have cited sensation-seeking and novelty-seeking theories, which suggest that gambling behaviors involve an attempt to seek out new or different experiences.
Scientists have long recognized the close relationship between gambling and substance abuse. In its third edition, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-III-R) included 10 warning signs for pathological gambling, though the DSM-5 (the current version that informs psychologists) eliminated one of the warning signs, “criminal behavior.”
Although it takes courage to admit that you have a problem, seeking help is essential. A therapist can teach you strategies to stop gambling, including avoiding tempting environments and websites, setting limits on how much money you will spend, and replacing it with healthier activities.
Changing old habits isn’t always easy, especially since there are so many options for gambling on the Internet. But maintaining recovery from a gambling addiction is possible if you surround yourself with supportive people, avoid tempting environments and websites, and make an active effort to engage in healthy activities. It is also helpful to join a support community, such as Gamblers Anonymous, which is modeled after Alcoholics Anonymous and offers peer-to-peer recovery support. If you are struggling with gambling addiction, BetterHelp can match you with a licensed, accredited therapist who is ready to help. Start the assessment and get matched in as little as 48 hours.